Transform Magazine. Pier Albrecht Editor
Pierjean (pier) Albrecht
Transform Magazine nº 4 , Dr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht: The Botox
  The Botox. Dr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. Transform Magazine nº 4
Muscle relaxation for the forehead, glabella (between the eyebrows) & crow’s feet.
Botox has become so popular that it is not necessary to insist on using this wonderful tool for correcting the signs of aging. Its name comes from “botulinum toxina†which in its normal concentration is a poison, but which has been used for the past 25 years in neurology at a dosage of up to 200 times less than its normal concentration.
Botulinum toxin brings about muscular paralysis, blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the neuromuscular junctions inside a structure known as a synapse. This localised paralysis does not spread into the body, and the nervous system forms new nerve sprouts within a few months. This means the effects of botulinum toxin are temporary.
The main applications are the paralysis, or rather the relaxing, of certain facial muscles used when gesturing, such as the forehead muscle which causes the forehead to wrinkle when it contracts, the orbicular muscle, which produces crows feet, the corrugator and procerus muscles that cause wrinkles in the glabella, or the space between the eyebrows.
There are other applications, using the paralysis of the microfibres of the muscles to relax and improve the wrinkles on the upper and lower lips (commonly referred to as bar code lines), and also the platysma bands (cords that appear when the neck muscles contract and that remain as age progresses).
It is important to know that botulinum toxin has its successes, its failures and its limitations. It should be used for a limited period of time and after a certain age should no longer be used, passing to surgery to correct the loss of elasticity in the skin.
While it is true that it relaxes the muscles of gestural expression of the upper part of the face, it is also true that the face is left looking smoother, but without being able to move. Furthermore, depending on which injection technique is employed, you can raise the tail of the eyebrows, but the lift cannot be controlled 100% and it could end up giving what we call the “Mefisto lookâ€, where the eyebrows take the shape of an inverted V giving an “evil†appearance.
Also, if the botulinum toxin is injected too close to the eyes, it can completely prevent the eyebrows being raised, giving the sensation of heavy and drooping eyes. The reason for this sensation is that during the course of our life, the upper eyelid has more skin and is heavier. Consequently, you open your eyes raise your eyebrows, which causes wrinkles on the forehead and makes the eyes look rounder.
           Pierjean (pier) Albrecht
Another limitation is the gradual appearance of wrinkles above and below the injection points of the crow’s feet. To understand this problem, you have to understand that the orbicular muscle of the eye, which is responsible for the crow’s feet, has the shape of a pair of round glasses from one to three centimetres in diameter. Meaning that if you repeatedly paralyse a limited section of this muscle, new wrinkles will gradually appear above and below the paralysed area.
When this happens, it is time to start thinking about a different method of correction, and specifically how surgery can help.
25 years ago, botulinum toxin was originally used to correct squinting, blocking the muscle controlling the eyes, and for the past 10 years, it has been used in the field of aesthetics. It has not been known to cause any serious problems.
As an expert witness to the court, I can say that the very few cases of complications that have been recorded around the world have been due more to the incorrect use of the product, rather than the product itself.
In fact, I would like to bring to the attention of everyone a dangerous practice that has originated in England, known as a “botox partyâ€. This involves group sessions of botox injections, often performed in private houses by someone who is not professionally qualified.
Legally speaking, only a doctor can take responsibility for injecting any product, and nurses are also allowed to perform this under the responsibility of a doctor. People must understand that the problem does not lie in taking a syringe, perforating the skin and pushing the plunger, but rather with the product that is inside the syringe.
Any product with a pharmacological effect can, even though only on rare occasions, produce side effects and complications that only a doctor is qualified to treat. It is not worth taking the risk of trusting someone who has not undergone thorough medical training. Even though only one patient out of a million might have problems, it can happen to anyone.
Curriculum – Pierjean (pier) Albrecht – Marbella
Curriculum – Pierjean (pier) Albrecht – Marbella
Pierjean (pier) Albrecht, is a Doctor in Surgery  by the Salamanca University, Spain, author of a Clinical Research Thesis, specialised in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery. Dr. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht is also a titled Expert Witness to the Court .
Dr. Pierjean Albrecht was trained in France in the Medical Schools of the Louis Pasteur University in Strasbourg, Montpellier I, and finished his specialised third cycle within the Department of Surgery of the Salamanca University.
After Pierjean (pier) Albrecht has been awarded a “Specialized Research Studies†title in the training program “Advanced Surgeryâ€, by the Department of Surgery of the Salamanca University, and a “Doctor in Medicine and Surgery†– Summa Cum Laude – title, by the same University, which allows him to teach and to carry out research programs, he published his clinical  research Thesis : “Lasers in Cutaneous Therapy, Dermatology and Plastic Aesthetic Surgeryâ€.
Dr. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht dedicated a special attention to Rhinoplasty (nose surgery) in Guadalajara-Mexico-, with reknowned Professor Armando Romero Gonzalez , and  has been then granted the Invited Profesor title, within the ENT Specialist Academic Training Program,  for the Facial Surgery and with Lasers.
Dr. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht recived the Postgraduate University Title (D.U)  â€Lasers in Dermatology, Phlebology and Plastic Surgeryâ€Â by the Specialties Department of the  Medical School of the RENE DESCARTES  University, Paris V .
Pierjean (Pier) Albrecht has published numerous articles about Plastic Surgery.
Pierjean (pier) Albrecht presented and published his work about the relation between ageing skin and immun system , lasers, and Plastic-Aesthetic Surgery, in french andInternational congresses, as well as in peer review scientific publications :
1.-  “Trans-Inferior Orbital Rim Anchorage and Roll Fascia Multi-Loop Temporal Anchorage in Midface rejuvenationâ€. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Pierjean (pier)  Albrecht, august 2006 (Journal of the American Society for Plastic-Aesthetic Surgery )
*That new plastic reconstructive an aesthetic surgery technique , developed by Dr. Pierjean Albrecht has also been published by the following data bases:
Trans-inferior orbital rim anchorage and fascia roll multi-loop temporal anchorage in midface rejuvenation.– US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
2.- “Lasers in Cutaneous Surgery , Dermatology and Plastic-Aesthétic Surgeryâ€, Pierjean Albrecht. Doctorate.Thesis.  Salamanca University. 2000.
              Doctorate Thesis  – Pierjean (pier) Albrecht*
3.- Malar  Implants in  zone 1. The transconjunctival route .2002.  Pierjean (pier) Albrecht.Summary Book,  SOFCPRE Congress 2002 (Société française de chirurgie plastique, réparatrice et esthétique).
4.- Closed Blépharoplasty, the pre-resection “U†suture .  Summary Book, SOFCPRECongress  2002 (Société française de chirurgie plastique, réparatrice et esthétique)
5.-  Gliadin Films. I:Gliadin films. I: Preparation and in vitro evaluation as a carrier for controlled drug release Internationnal Journal of Pharmaceutics. Pierjean (pier)  Albrecht co-auteur. 117 – 121 1995. Elsevier
6.- Higlight of antioxydant properties of a L. M.F. in dermo-cosmetics. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. Journal de Pharmacie Clinique. 1995
2.-  Alloplastic Malar Implants in M/M.A.U.* - zone 1 – for aesthetic purposes. The transconjonctival route. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. Anti-Ageing World Conference. Paris 2003
3.- Summary Book of the SOFCPRE National Congress. 2002 (Société Française de Chirurgie Plastique, Réparatrice et Esthétique ): “Closed Blépharoplastie, the pre-resection “U†suture â€Â 2002
4.- Alloplastic Malar implants in M/M.A.U.* - zone 1 – for aesthetic purposes. The Transconjonctival route . Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. Summary Book of the SOFCPRENational Congress. 2002 (Société Française de Chirurgie Plastique, Réparatrice et Esthétique )
5.-  Alloplastic Malar Implants   in M/M.A.U.* - zone 1 – for aesthetic purposes. The Transconjonctival route . Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. IMCAS congress. Paris 2002
6.- Laser and Facial Plastic and et Aesthetic Surgery. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. Guadalajara Surgery School. Mexico. 2002
7.- Clinical Interest of L.M.F . Salon de Dermatologie Pratique.Paris 1995
8.- Immun-complexes use in ageing skin.Pierjean (pier) Albrecht.  Rio De Janeiro Aesthetic Medicine Society Congress , Brazil 1994.
Teaching:
1.- Dr Pierjean Albrecht has been appointed Invited Professor  for the ENT surgery residents training program, at the Guadalajara Civil Hospital  – Mexico – in 2001.
2.- Dr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht  conducted a facial dissection workshop in the  Birkenwerder Plastic Surgery Symposium (Berlin) 2004
3.- Dr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht participated to the academic training teaching activity of the prestigious  Navarre University Clinic, Spain . 2004
Dr. Pierjean Albrecht is an Expert WItness to the Court
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SALAMANCA UNIVERSITY CERTTIFICATE
Prof. Dr.D.Fransisco Javier Garcia Criado, Professor of Surgery and Secretary, Department of Surgery at the University of Salamanca  STATES:
FIRST: That Mr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht applied , in 1998, for its registration to the University of Salamanca for doctoral studies. That according to his case, considering the academic certificates issued, the medical studies conducted by Mr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht In the French Faculties of Medicine of Strasbourg and Montpellier 1, during the years 1981 to 1988, correspond to the academic level and are equivalent to, the Bachelor of Medicine (as the medical practice title in Spain) of the Faculties of Medicine of the Spanish University , as required, in its  added paragraphs , in the RD (Royal Decree) 778/1998 ..
SECOND: That Mr Albrecht (pier) Pierjean registered in the Ph.D. program, “Advanced Surgeryâ€, developed by the Department of Surgery at the Salamanca University , during the years 1998-2000, the program coordinator being Profesor Francisco Javier Garcia Criado, the tutor being  Prof. Emiliano Galila Hernandez, and the Director of his thesis project being Profesor.Agustin Alvarez del Canizo. Once assessed the Curriculum Vitae of Mr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht , in which are, inter alia, certificates concerning his clinical training in various specialty surgical centers from 1986, his research activity reflected in communications to scientific meetings and publications in major prestige scientific journals  in 1995, and his complementary training by attending specialized courses between 1994 and 1998, we conclude that D. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht   thad reached undoubtedly a very high qualification in the field of Plastic Surgery and of research in his medical specialty.
THIRD: That during the two years indicated,  Mr Albrecht (pier) Pierjean obtained the required 32 credits (320 hours) with 12 “very goodâ€, 4 “good†and 1 “Approvedâ€, showing at each moment a very high level of knowledge in theory and practice as clinical as well as in research.
FOURTH: That dated 1st September 2000, Mr Pierjean (pier) Albrecht, obtains, from the University of Salamanca, the title “Ability for Research†for his specialised training in this area by the Department of Surgery, which qualifies him to submit his doctoral thesis.
FIFTH: That dated 22 June 2001, he appeared before the “Court of Thesis Doctoral†the Thesis entitled. â€The Cutaneous Laser Surgery, in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery-Aesthetic. 244 casesâ€, which was conducted during a period of 3 years between 1998 and 2001, obtaining the highest qualification  “Excellent†and “With Congratulationsâ€
SIXTH: That dated 25 June 2001, D. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht is granted the title of Doctor in Medicine and Surgery at the University of Salamanca.
SEVENTH: That all documentations relating to the facts set are in the files of the Department of Surgery and Section of Graduate and Doctorate from the University of Salamanca.
Made for legal statement, and at the request of the above mentionned, we sign in Salamanca, the ninth day of March 2009
Summary of some Scientific Publications :
- Trans-Inferior Orbital Rim Anchorage and Fascia Roll Multi-LoopTemporal Anchorage in Midface Rejuvenation.Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. Aesthetic Surgery Journal  2006.
- Alloplastic Malar Implants for Aesthtetic Purposes in zone 1. The transconjunctival route.Carnet de resumé. Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. SOFCPRE 2002.
- “Closed Blepharoplasty, the U suture before incisionâ€Â . Pierjean Albrecht. Carnet de resumé. Congress of the SOFCPRE , the French Society for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery: . 2002.
- Comparative use of Lasers in Cutaneous Therapy and Plastic-Aesthetic Surgery, .Pierjean (pier) Albrecht .Thesis. Dococtorate.Salamanca University, . 2001.
- Gliadin Films. I : Preparation in vitro evaluation as a carrier for controlled drug release.Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. co.author in Internationnal Journal of Pharmaceutics. 117 – 121 .1995. Elsevier.
- Mise en évidence des propriétés antioxydantes d’un L. M.F. dans des dermocosmétiques . Pierjean (pier) Albrecht. co-author in Journal.de Pharm.Clinique. 1995.
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Dr. Pierjean Albrecht: Â Other publications
Transform Magazine, Pier Albrecht editor
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Editorial: M. Pierjean Albrecht, Dr. Pierre jean Albrecht, Dr. Albrecht Pierjean,
M. Pier Albrecht, Dr. Pierre  Albrecht, Dr. Pierjean Frank Albrecht, Marbella Clinic
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